Another creepy disease from Talmudic times, from Ketubot 77b:

What are its symptoms? His eyes tear, his nostrils run, he brings spittle from his mouth, and flies swarm around him.

And what is its cure? Abaye said: Take the following ingredients: Pennyroyal [a kind of mint] and wormwood, the bark of a nut tree and the shavings of a hide, a lilly, the calyxes that cover red dates, i.e. immature dates; and boil them well together. The take the patient into a house made of marble (where there is no draft). And if there is no marble house available, take him instead into a house whose walls are seven bricks and a half-brick think. then pour three hundred cups of this potion on his head until the surface of his skull softens. Then, tear open the skull to expose the organism standing on the membrane. Bring four myrtle leaves, lift up each leg and insert one leaf underneath. Remove the organism with tongs and burn it. For if the organism is no destroyed, it will return to the victim.

The notes suggest that this parasite lives on the brain membrane, is contagious through flies, and may puncture the membrane. We know from modern medicine that puncturing the arachnoid membrane is not good!